* Aromatherapy: Is the treatment or prevention of disease by use of essential oils. Two basic mechanisms are offered to explain the purported effects. One is the influence of aroma on the brain, especially the limbic system through the olfactory system. The other is the direct pharmacological effects of the essential oils. While precise knowledge of the synergy between the body and aromatic oils is often claimed by aromatherapists, the efficacy of aromatherapy remains to be proven. However, some preliminary clinical studies show positive effects. In the English-speaking world, practitioners tend to emphasize the use of oils in massage. Aromatherapy tends to be regarded as a complementary modality at best and a pseudoscientific fraud at worst.
* Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine: That uses volatile liquid plant materials, known as essential oils (EOs), and other aromatic compounds from plants for the purpose of affecting a person's mood or health. Aromatherapy is a generic term that refers to any of the various traditions that make use of essential oils sometimes in combination with other alternative medical practices and spiritual beliefs. Aromatherapy is a form of therapy that incorporates essential oils, either for scents, ingestion, or for topical purposes. These essential oils offer a variety of healing properties when used correctly by an Aromatherapy practitioner. It has a particularly Western currency and persuasion. Medical treatment involving aromatic compounds may exist outside of the West, but may or may not be included in the term 'aromatherapy'.
* Aromatherapy had been around for 6000 years or more: The Greeks, Romans, and ancient Egyptians all used aromatherapy oils. The Egyptian physician Imhotep recommended fragrant oils for bathing, massage, and for embalming their dead nearly 6000 years ago. Imhotep is the Egyptian god of medicine and healing. Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, used aromatherapy baths and scented massage. He used aromatic fumigations to rid Athens of the plague.
* On the continent, especially in France, where it originated: Aromatherapy is incorporated into mainstream medicine. There, the use of the antiseptic, antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties of oils in the control of infections is emphasized over the approaches familiar to North Americans. In France some essential oils are regulated as prescription drugs, and thus administered by a physician. French doctors use a technique called the aromatogram to guide their decision on which essential oil to use. First the doctor cultures a sample of infected tissue or secretion from the patient. Next the growing culture is divided among petri dishes supplied with agar. Each petri dish is inoculated with a different essential oil to determine which have the most activity against the target strain of microorganism. The antiseptic activity manifests as a pattern of inhibited growth.
* Aromatherapy has roots in antiquity with the use of aromatic oils: However, as currently defined, aromatherapy involves the use of distilled plant volatiles, a twentieth century innovation. The word "aromatherapy" was first used in the 1920s by French chemist René-Maurice Gattefossé, who devoted his life to researching the healing properties of essential oils after an accident in his perfume laboratory.
* Jean Valnet: Continued the work of Gattefosse. During World War II Valnet used essential oils to treat gangrene in wounded soldiers.
* The consensus among most medical professionals: Is that while pleasant scents can boost relaxation and may have related benefits for patients, there is currently insufficient scientific proof of the effectiveness of aromatherapy in general. Scientific research on the cause and effect of aromatherapy is limited, although in vitro testing has revealed some antibacterial and antiviral effects and a few double blind studies have been published.
* Like many alternative therapies, few controlled: double-blind studies have been carried out—a common explanation is that there is little incentive to do so if the results of the studies are not patentable.
* Researchers at Sloan-Kettering: Have found that aromatherapy significantly reduces claustrophobia attacks for patients undergoing MRI scans; however, studies of similar rigor are far from numerous. Some benefits that have been linked to aromatherapy, such as relaxation and clarity of mind, may arise from the placebo effect rather than from the inherent properties of the scents themselves. Skeptical literature suggests that aromatherapy is based on the anecdotal evidence of its benefits rather than proof that aromatherapy can cure diseases. Scientists and medical professionals acknowledge that aromatherapy has limited scientific support, but critics argue that the claims of most aromatherapy practitioners go beyond the data, and/or that the studies are neither adequately controlled nor peer reviewed. Customers should be aware that aromatherapy may be unregulated, depending on the country.
* The term "aromatherapy": Has been applied to such a wide range of products that many are labeled "aromatherapy" products simply because they contain essential oils, although they may provide no therapeutic benefit. Some proponents of aromatherapy believe that the claimed effect of each type of oil is not caused by the chemicals in the oil interacting with the senses, but because the oil contains a distillation of the "life force" of the plant from which it is derived that will "balance the energies" of the body and promote healing or well-being by purging negative vibrations from the body's energy field. Arguing that there is no scientific evidence that healing can be achieved, and that the claimed "energies" even exist, many skeptics reject this form of aromatherapy as pseudoscience or even quackery.
* Absolutes: Fragrant oils extracted primarily from flowers or delicate plant tissues through solvent or supercritical fluid extraction (e.g. rose absolute). The term is also used to describe oils extracted from fragrant butters, concretes, and enfleurage pommades using ethanol.
* Bach Flower Remedies: Are dilutions of flower material developed by Edward Bach, an English physician and homeopath, in the 1930s. The remedies are used primarily for emotional and spiritual conditions, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, insomnia and stress.
* Carrier Oils: Typically oily plant base triacylglycerides that dilute essential oils for use on the skin (e.g. sweet almond oil)
* Essential Oils (EOs): They differ in chemical composition from other herbal products because the distillation process only recovers the lighter phytomolecules. For this reason essential oils are rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, as well as other VOC substances (esters, aromatic compounds, non-terpene hydrocarbons, some organic sulfides etc.).
* Essential oils: Fragrant oils extracted from plants chiefly through distillation (e.g. eucalyptus oil) or expression (grapefruit oil). However, the term is also occasionally used to describe fragrant oils extracted from plant material by any solvent extraction. * Absolutes: Fragrant oils extracted primarily from flowers or delicate plant tissues through solvent or supercritical fluid extraction (e.g. rose absolute). The term is also used to describe oils extracted from fragrant butters, concretes, and enfleurage pommades using ethanol. * Phytoncides: Various volatile organic compounds from plants that kill microbes. Many terpene-based fragrant oils and sulfuric compounds from plants in the genus "Allium" are phytoncides, though the latter are likely less commonly used in aromatherapy due to their disagreeable odors. * Herbal distillates or hydrosols: The aqueous by-products of the distillation process (e.g. rosewater). There are many herbs that make herbal distillates and they have culinary uses, medicinal uses and skin care uses. Common herbal distillates are rose, lemon balm and chamomile. * Infusions: Aqueous extracts of various plant material (e.g. infusion of chamomile) * Carrier oils: Typically oily plant base triacylglycerides that dilute essential oils for use on the skin (e.g. sweet almond oil)
* In many countries essential oils: Are included in the national pharmacopoeia, but up to the present moment aromatherapy as science has never been recognized as a valid branch of medicine in the United States, Russia, Germany, or Japan. Essential oils, phytoncides and other natural VOCs work in different ways. At the scent level they activate the limbic system and emotional centers of the brain.
* The modes of application of aromatherapy include:
* aerial diffusion for environmental fragrancing or aerial disinfection. * direct inhalation for respiratory disinfection, decongestion, expectoration as well as psychological effects. * topical applications for general massage, baths, compresses, therapeutic skin care. * oral, rectal, vaginal interfaces for infection, congestion, parasites, perfumery for body fragrancing, anointments.
* Fragrance Extraction this category includes all essential oils such as Tea tree oil, obtained by distillation from plant materials. It does not include specific constituents of those oils (e.g., limonene) - these should be listed under the appropriate sub-category of Category: Organic compounds.
* Cajuput oil: * Cannabis flower essential oil: * Carrot seed oil: * Citron: * Citronella oil: * Oil of cloves: * Croton oil: * Dill oil: * Eucalyptus oil: * Fragrance oil: * Lavender oil: * Lemon oil: * Muskroot: * Mustard oil: * Neroli: * Nutmeg oil: * Oil of guaiac: * Olbas oil: * Orange oil: * Peppermint oil: * Pine oil: * Rose oil: * Rosewood oil: * Sage oil: * Sandalwood: * Santalum album: * Santalum spicatum: * Sfumatura: * Tea tree oil: * Yarrow oil: * Ylang-ylang:
* Pharmacological effects attributed to essential oils:
* antibacterial In vitro testing has confirmed antibacterial effects in certain oils including rosemary, clove, lime, cinnamon, and tea tree oil. * antiviral Supported for tea tree oil, lemongrass, sandlewood, peppermint, ginger, thyme, and hyssop in in vitro testing against Herpes. * antifungal Supported by in vitro testing for lavender, thyme, clove, juniper, and tea tree oil. * anti-inflammatory Reported in in-vitro assays of clove, cinnamon, sage, eucalyptus, black cumin and bay leaf. * anxiolytic Reported in animal models using oils of lavender, rose and angelica. * antispasmotic * invigorating * antioxidant.
* Popular uses:
* Basil is used in perfumery for its clear, sweet and mildly spicy aroma. In aromatherapy, it is used for sharpening concentration, for its uplifting effect on depression, and to relieve headaches and migraines. Basil oil has many chemotypes and some are known to be emmenagogues and should be avoided during pregnancy. * Bergamot is one of the most popular oils in perfumery. It is an excellent insect repellent and may be helpful for both the urinary tract and for the digestive tract. It is useful for skin conditions linked to stress, such as cold sores and chicken pox, especially when combined with eucalyptus oil. Bergamot is a flavoring agent in Earl Grey tea. But cold-pressed Bergamot oil contains bergaptene, a strong photosensitizer when applied to the skin, so only distilled or 'bergaptene-free' types can be topically used. * Black pepper has a sharp and spicy aroma. Common uses include stimulating the circulation and for muscular aches and pains. Skin application is useful for bruises, since it stimulates the circulation. * Citronella oil, obtained from a relative of lemongrass, is used as an insect repellant and in perfumery. * Clove oil is a topical analgesic, especially useful in dentistry. It is also used an antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, and antiemetic. * Eucalyptus oil is often used in combination with peppermint to provide relief for the airways in case of cold or flu. * Geranium oil is used as an astringent, antiseptic and diuretic. * Jasmine is used as an aphrodisiac * Lavender oil is used as an antiseptic, to soothe minor cuts and burns, to calm and relax, and to soothe headaches and migraines. * Lemon oil is uplifting and anti-stress/anti-depressant. In a Japanese study, lemon essential oil in vapour form has been found to reduce stress in mice. * Lemon oil - Researchers at Ohio State University reveals that Lemon oil aroma may enhance your mood, and may relax you. * Rose is used as an aphrodisiac * Sandalwood oil is used as an aphrodisiac * Tea tree oil and many other essential oils have topical (external) antimicrobial (i.e. antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, or antiparasitic) activity and are used as antiseptics and disinfectants. * Thyme oil * Yarrow oil is used to reduce joint inflammation and relieve cold and influenza symptoms. * Ylang-ylang oil is used as an aphrodisiac
* Oils both ingested and applied to the skin can potentially have negative interaction with conventional medicine: For example, the topical use of methyl salicylate heavy oils like Sweet Birch and Wintergreen may cause hemorrhaging in users taking the anticoagulant Warfarin. Adulterated oils may also pose problems depending on the type of substance used.
* Esters: Are a class of chemical compounds and functional groups. Esters consist of an inorganic or organic acid in which at least one -OH (hydroxy) group is replaced by an -O-alkyl (alkoxy) group. Some acids that are commonly esterified are carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and boric acid. Volatile esters, particularly carboxylate esters, often have a pleasant smell and are found in perfumes, essential oils, and pheromones, and give many fruits their scent. Ethyl acetate and methyl acetate are important solvents; fatty acid esters form fat and lipids; and polyesters are important plastics. Cyclic esters are called lactones. The name "ester" is derived from the German Essig-Äther (literally: vinegar ether), an old name for ethyl acetate. Esters can be synthesized in a condensation reaction between an acid and an alcohol in a reaction known as esterification.
* Flower Remedies: Are the finer vibration of the plant's healing properties which balance our thoughts and feelings to create wellness, balance and harmony on all levels. Flower Remedies are quite different to Aromatherapy they are taken internally and have no scent. Because the remedies are extremely dilute they do not have a characteristic scent or taste of the plant. Vendors state that the remedies contain something called the "energetic signature" of the flower, and that this can be transmitted to the user.
* Herbal Distillates or Hydrosols: The aqueous by-products of the distillation process (e.g. rosewater). There are many herbs that make herbal distillates and they have culinary uses, medicinal uses and skin care uses. Common herbal distillates are rose, lemon balm and chamomile.
* Incense: Is composed of aromatic biotic materials. It releases fragrant smoke when burned. The term incense refers to the substance itself, rather than to the odor that it produces. Many religious ceremonies and spiritual purificatory rites employ incense, a practice that persists to this day. Incense is also used in medicine and for its aesthetic value. The forms taken by incense have changed with advances in technology, differences in the underlying culture, and diversity in the reasons for burning it.
* Infusions: Aqueous extracts of various plant material (e.g. infusion of chamomile)
* Phytoncides: Various volatile organic compounds from plants that kill microbes. Many terpene-based fragrant oils and sulfuric compounds from plants in the genus "Allium" are phytoncides, though the latter are likely less commonly used in aromatherapy due to their disagreeable odors.
* The main article for this category is Herbalism:
* Herbalism: * Adaptogen: * American Herbalists Guild: * Drying of herbs and spices: * Herbal viagra: * International Herb Symposium: * Kallawaya people: * King's American Dispensatory: * Medicine man:
* This category is for articles relating to herbalists.
* Herbalist: * Todd Caldecott: * Dr. Christopher: * Demetria Clark: * Amanda McQuade Crawford: * Nicholas Culpeper: * Subhuti Dharmananda: * Pedanius Dioscorides: * James A Duke: * Eli Jones: * Finley Ellingwood: * John William Fyfe: * Galen: * John Gerard: * Rosemary Gladstar: * Maud Grieve: * Harvey Wickes Felter: * Hildegard of Bingen: * Christopher Hobbs (herbalist): * Ellen Evert Hopman: * Georg Joseph Kamel: * Henriette Kress: * Robyn Landis: * William LeSassier: * Hilda Leyel: * John Uri Lloyd: * Gen MacManiman: * Earl Mindell: * Ingeborg i Mjarhult: * Michael Moore (herbalist): * Duncan Napier: * John Parkinson (botanist): * Keewaydinoquay Peschel: * Pierre Savalle: * Lydia Pinkham: * Jeanne Rose: * Jean Ruelle: * Katherine Siva Saubel: * John Milton Scudder: * Clark Stanley: * Isaac Swainson: * Samuel Thomson: * Michael Tierra: * Tommie Bass: * Susun Weed: * David Winston: * Zhang Zhongjing:
* This category is for stub articles relating to herbalists:
* Eli Jones: * Rosemary Gladstar: * Jean Ruelle: * Tommie Bass: * William LeSassier: * Template:Herbalist-stub:
* Medicinal herbs and fungi
* List of plants used as medicine: * Altovis: * Birch bracket: * Cold-fX: * Dr Myko San - Health from Mushrooms: * Galactagogue: * Gan mao ling: * Herbal extract: * Kombucha: * Officinal: * Stomachic: * Swedish bitters:
* Psychoactive mushrooms:
* Amanita gemmata: * Amanita muscaria: * Amanita pantherina: * Conocybe cyanopus: * Conocybe smithii: * Ergot: * Gymnopilus aeruginosus: * Gymnopilus junonius: * Gymnopilus luteofolius: * Gymnopilus purpuratus: * Gymnopilus sapineus: * Inocybe aeruginascens: * Inocybe corydalina var. corydalina: * Inocybe tricolor: * Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms: * List of Panaeolus species: * List of Psilocybe species: * List of Psilocybin mushrooms: * Panaeolus africanus: * Panaeolus bispora: * Panaeolus cambodginiensis: * Panaeolus castaneifolius: * Panaeolus cyanescens: * Panaeolus fimicola: * Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus: * Panaeolus subbalteatus: * Panaeolus tropicalis: * Pluteus salicinus: * Psilocybe: * Psilocybe atlantis: * Psilocybe aucklandii: * Psilocybe australiana: * Psilocybe azurescens: * Psilocybe baeocystis: * Psilocybe caerulipes: * Psilocybe cubensis: * Psilocybe cyanescens: * Psilocybe mexicana: * Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata: * Psilocybe quebecensis: * Psilocybe semilanceata: * Psilocybe strictipes: * Psilocybe subaeruginascens: * Psilocybe subaeruginosa: * Psilocybe tampanensis: * Psilocybe villarrealiae: * Psilocybe weilii: * Psilocybe zapotecorum: * Psilocybin mushrooms:
* Salvia divinorum, also known as Diviner’s Sage, ska Maria Pastora, Sage of the Seers, or simply by the genus name, Salvia, is a powerful psychoactive herb. It is a member of the sage genus and the Lamiaceae (mint) family:
* Legal status of Salvia divinorum * Salvia divinorum * Salvinorin A
* Herbal and fungal stimulants:
* Anamirta cocculus: * Betel: * Betel nut: * Catuaba: * Coca: * Coca tea: * Cocoa: * Coffea: * Contrayerva: * Ephedra: * Guarana: * Ilex guayusa: * Ilex vomitoria: * Khat: * Kola nut: * Mate (beverage): * Nicotiana rustica: * Stilton (cheese): * Sweet Flag: * Tan Ngan Lo Medicated Tea: * Tea: * Tobacco: * Yerba mate:
* Medicinal fungi:
* Agaricus subrufescens * Beta-glucan * Chaga mushroom * Ergot * Ganoderma tsugae * Lingzhi * Penicillium * Poria cocos * Shiitake * Yeast
* Medicinal plants are plants which may have medicinal properties. Almost all our present medicines are derived from research on medicinal plants.
* List of plants used as medicine * Altovis * Birch bracket * Cold-fX * Dr Myko San - Health from Mushrooms * Galactagogue * Gan mao ling * Herbal extract * Kombucha * Officinal * Stomachic * Swedish bitters
* Medicinal fungi:
* Alchornea floribunda: * Anadenanthera colubrina: * Anadenanthera peregrina: * Atropa belladonna: * Ayahuasca: * Banisteriopsis caapi: * Brugmansia: * Calea zacatechichi: * Damiana: * Datura: * Datura inoxia: * Datura stramonium: * Diplopterys cabrerana: * Echinopsis lageniformis: * Echinopsis pachanoi: * Echinopsis peruviana: * Echinopsis scopulicola: * Harmal: * Hawaiian baby woodrose: * Henbane: * Iboga: * Ilex guayusa: * Ipomoea tricolor: * Kykeon: * Legal intoxicants: * Mimosa tenuiflora: * Morning glory: * Nicotiana rustica: * Penis Plant: * Peyote: * Phragmites: * Psychedelic plants: * Psychotria carthagenensis: * Psychotria viridis: * Reed canary grass: * Rivea corymbosa: * Silene capensis: * Botanical identity of Soma-Haoma: * Sweet Flag: * Virola: * Yohimbine:
* Plants used in Traditional Chinese medicine:
* Chinese herbology * Agastache rugosa * Alangium * Angelica sinensis * Ardisia japonica * Aster tataricus * Astragalus propinquus
* Medicinal plants are plants which may have medicinal properties.
* Bamboo: * List of plants used as medicine: * Abelmoschus moschatus: * Abies balsamea: * Acacia berlandieri: * Acacia catechu: * Acacia chundra: * Acacia cornigera: * Acacia decurrens: * Acacia greggii: * Acacia mellifera: * Acacia nilotica: * Acacia plumosa: * Acacia senegal: * Acacia sieberiana: * Acacia tortilis: * Acerola: * Achillea millefolium: * Achiote: * Acmella oleracea: * Acokanthera schimperi: * Aconitum carmichaelii: * Actinidia chinensis: * Adonis aestivalis: * Adonis annua: * Aegiphila lhotskiana: * Aesculus: * Aesculus hippocastanum: * Aframomum melegueta: * Agathosma betulina: * Agave americana: * Agrimonia eupatoria: * Ajuga reptans: * Ajwain: * Alangium chinense: * Albizia lebbeck: * Alchornea: * Alchornea castaneifolia: * Alchornea floribunda: * Alepidea peduncularis: * Aleppo pepper: * Alfalfa: * Alhandal: * Alisma plantago-aquatica: * Allium giganteum: * Allium moly: * Allspice: * Alnus rubra: * Aloe: * Aloe succotrina: * Aloe vera: * Alpinia: * Alpinia galanga: * Althaea (genus): * Althaea officinalis: * Amelanchier canadensis: * American sycamore: * Ammi majus: * Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil: * Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina: * Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata: * Anagallis arvensis: * Anamirta cocculus: * Andrographis paniculata: * Androstephium caeruleum: * Anemone: * Anemone chinensis: * Anemone hepatica: * Anemone nemorosa: * Anemone ranunculoides: * Angelica sinensis: * Angostura (genus): * Angostura trifoliata: * Anise: * Anisodus: * Anisodus tanguticus: * Anthemis tinctoria: * Anthoxanthum odoratum: * Anthyllis vulneraria: * Aphanes: * Apocynum androsaemifolium: * Apocynum cannabinum: * Apple mint: * Aquaretics: * Aquilegia grata: * Aquilegia vulgaris: * Arctostaphylos uva-ursi: * Areca catechu: * Argemone mexicana: * Argentina anserina: * Aristolochia: * Aristolochia clematitis: * Arnica: * Arnica montana: * Artemisia absinthium: * Artemisia afra: * Artemisia annua: * Artemisia maritima: * Artemisia princeps: * Artemisia vulgaris: * Arum italicum: * Arum maculatum: * Asafoetida: * Asarum europaeum: * Asarum splendens: * Asclepias verticillata: * Ash tree: * Asimina triloba: * Asparagus: * Asparagus racemosus: * Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco: * Astragalus: * Astragalus canadensis: * Astragalus propinquus: * Astrocaryum aculeatissimum: * Asystasia gangetica: * Atropa belladonna: * Aztekium: * Açaí Palm: * Bacopa monnieri: * Bael: * Balsam poplar: * Baptisia australis: * Basil: * Bay Laurel: * Bearberry: * Beautyberry: * Beet: * Belamcanda: * Bellis perennis: * Berberis vulgaris: * Betel: * Betula lenta: * Bilberry: * Bird Cherry: * Bitter melon: * Bitter orange: * Black Bryony: * Black cardamom: * Black locust: * Black pepper: * Bloodroot: * Boesenbergia rotunda: * Bois bande: * Boldo: * Borage: * Boxthorn: * Brassica nigra: * Brooklime: * Bryony: * Bulbous buttercup: * Bunium persicum: * Burdock: * Burnet Saxifrage: * Burututu: * Bushweed: * Butterbur: * Butterfly weed: * Butternut (tree): * Buxus sempervirens: * Caesalpinia pulcherrima: * Calabar bean: * Calea zacatechichi: * Calendula officinalis: * Caltha palustris: * Camellia sinensis: * Candlenut: * Cannabis: * Cannabis sativa: * Caper: * Capsicum annuum: * Caraway: * Cardamine pratensis: * Cardamom: * Carolina horsenettle: * Cashew: * Cassia: * Castanea pumila: * Castor oil plant: * Catharanthus: * Catharanthus roseus: * Caulophyllum: * Caulophyllum thalictroides: * Cayenne pepper: * Cecropia: * Cedrus deodara: * Celery: * Celtis occidentalis: * Centaurea montana: * Centella asiatica: * Cephalanthus occidentalis: * Chenopodium rubrum: * Chenopodium vulvaria: * Cherry: * Chervil: * Chickpea: * Chili pepper: * Chimaphila maculata: * Chimaphila umbellata: * Chinese bellflower: * Chinese herbology: * Chinese tallow: * Chionanthus virginicus: * Chives: * Chokecherry: * Chromolaena odorata: * Cibotium: * Cicuta: * Cimicifuga racemosa: * Cinchona: * Cinnamomum camphora: * Cinnamon: * Cissampelos: * Cissampelos pareira: * Citron: * Clematis vitalba: * Clitoria: * Clove: * Cnestis ferruginea: * Cnicus: * Coca: * Coconut: * Codonopsis pilosula: * Coffea: * Colchicum autumnale: * Collinsonia canadensis: * Colocynth: * Coltsfoot: * Comfrey: * Commiphora wightii: * Common Hogweed: * Common Rue: * Common sage: * Common wood sorrel: * Contrayerva: * Convolvulus arvensis: * Conyza sumatrensis: * Coptis: * Coptis chinensis: * Coral necklace: * Coriaria myrtifolia: * Corn poppy: * Corncockle: * Cornus florida: * Corydalis: * Corydalis ambigua: * Corydalis aurea: * Cow Parsnip: * Creeping Cinquefoil: * Crescentia cujete: * Croton (genus): * Croton tiglium: * Cryptotaenia: * Cubeb: * Cumin: * Curled Dock: * Curry Tree: * Cymbopogon: * Cymbopogon citratus: * Cynodon dactylon: * Cynoglossum officinale: * Cypress Spurge: * Cypripedium pubescens: * Damiana: * Dandelion: * Danewort: * Daphne (plant): * Datura metel: * Datura stramonium: * Delphinium: * Dendrobium: * Dendrobium nobile: * Desfontainia: * Desmodium: * Devil's Club: * Dichroa: * Dichroa febrifuga: * Dictamnus: * Digitalis: * Digitalis purpurea: * Dill: * Dill oil: * Dipterocarpus retusus: * Dog's Mercury: * Draba verna: * Dropwort: * Drosera rotundifolia: * Durian: * Eastern Skunk Cabbage: * Echinacea: * Echinacea purpurea: * Echinopsis pachanoi: * Echinopsis peruviana: * Eclipta alba: * Elecampane: * Elettaria: * Eleutherococcus senticosus: * Elytrigia repens: * Epazote: * Ephedra (genus): * Ephedra distachya: * Ephedra sinica: * Epigaea repens: * Epimedium: * Epimedium grandiflorum: * Equisetum arvense: * Eryngium foetidum: * Erythrina humeana: * Erythrina lysistemon: * Esfand svanta: * Etrog (ritual): * Eucalyptus: * Eucalyptus globulus: * List of Eucalyptus species: * Eucommia: * Eupatorium: * Euphorbia lathyris: * Euphorbia peplus: * Euphorbia resinifera: * Eurycoma longifolia: * Euterpe oleracea: * Euterpe precatoria: * Faidherbia albida: * Fennel: * Fenugreek: * Feverfew: * Fittonia albivenis: * Flax: * Fool's Parsley: * Forsythia: * Forsythia suspensa: * Fragaria vesca: * Fraxinus americana: * Fumaria officinalis: * Funtumia elastica: * Galega officinalis: * Galium aparine: * Garcinia indica: * Garden Angelica: * Garlic: * Gaultheria procumbens: * Gelsemium sempervirens: * Gentian: * Gentiana lutea: * Gentianella quinquefolia: * Geranium maculatum: * German Chamomile: * Geum quellyon: * Gillenia: * Ginger: * Ginkgo: * Ginseng: * Glechoma hederacea: * Gleditsia: * Gleditsia sinensis: * Glycyrrhiza: * Glycyrrhiza uralensis: * Gnetum: * Golden Shower Tree: * Goldenseal: * Gorse: * Gratiola officinalis: * Greater burdock: * Greater celandine: * Greek citron: * Griffonia simplicifolia: * Guaiacum officinale: * Gymnema sylvestre: * Gypsophila paniculata: * Gypsywort: * Haematoxylum campechianum: * Hamelia patens: * Harmal: * Harpagophytum: * Hawaiian baby woodrose: * Hedera helix: * Hedge mustard: * Helleborus foetidus: * Hemidesmus indicus: * Henbane: * Hepatica: * Heuchera americana: * Heuchera villosa: * Hibiscus syriacus: * Holly: * Hoodia gordonii: * Hop (plant): * Hoptree: * Horseradish: * Houttuynia: * Hyacinth bean: * Hydnocarpus: * Hydrangea arborescens: * Hylotelephium telephium: * Hypoxis hemerocallidea: * Hyssop: * Iberis: * Ilex aquifolium: * Ilex guayusa: * Ilex verticillata: * Ilex vomitoria: * Indigowoad Root: * Ipecacuanha: * Ipomoea purpurea: * Iris pseudacorus: * Iris versicolor: * Jacaranda caroba: * Jacaranda decurrens: * Jacaranda rufa: * Jackfruit: * Jambul: * Japanese Honeysuckle: * Japanese knotweed: * Jatropha: * Jatropha curcas: * Jequirity: * Jerusalem cherry: * Jesuit's bark: * Jiaogulan: * Juglans regia: * Jujube: * Juniper berry: * Juniperus communis: * Juniperus sabina: * Juniperus virginiana: * Justicia adhatoda: * Kaempferia galanga: * Kalanchoe pinnata: * Kalmia latifolia: * Kava: * Kielmeyera coriacea: * Kigelia: * Kleinhovia hospita: * Kudzu: * Lactuca virosa: * Lagerstroemia speciosa: * Lamium album: * Lapsana: * Lathyrus: * Lathyrus sativus: * Latua pubiflora: * Lavandula angustifolia: * Lavender: * Lemon balm: * Lemon verbena: * Leonotis leonurus: * Leonotis nepetifolia: * Leonurus: * Leonurus japonicus: * Leptospermum scoparium: * Lesser celandine: * Leucanthemum vulgare: * Ligusticum wallichii: * Ligustrum lucidum: * Lilium lancifolium: * Lilium superbum: * Lily of the Valley: * Limonia (plant): * Linaria vulgaris: * Liquorice: * Lithraea molleoides: * Lobelia: * Lobelia cardinalis: * Lobelia chinensis: * Lobelia erinus: * Lobelia inflata: * Lolium temulentum: * Lomatium: * Long pepper: * Loquat: * Lovage: * Lycopodium clavatum: * Lysimachia nummularia: * Magnolia grandiflora: * Malabathrum: * Mandragora officinarum: * Mandrake (plant): * Mango: * Manroot: * Manzanita: * Marjoram: * Marrubium vulgare: * Marsh Labrador Tea: * Masterwort: * Matico: * Meadowsweet: * Medical cannabis: * Medicinal plants of the American West: * Medicinal properties of dandelion: * Melaleuca: * Melilotus albus: * Melilotus officinalis: * Menispermum canadense: * Mentha: * Mentha cervina: * Menyanthes: * Microseris lanceolata: * Milk thistle: * Mimosa pudica: * Minthostachys mollis: * Mistletoe: * Mitchella repens: * Monarda didyma: * Monarda fistulosa: * Monotropa uniflora: * Morning Star (Cannabis): * Motherwort: * Mucuna pruriens: * Mullein: * Mustard plant: * Myrica cerifera: * Naga Jolokia pepper: * Narcissus pseudonarcissus: * Nasturtium: * Neem: * Nelumbo nucifera: * Nepenthes boschiana: * Nepenthes distillatoria: * Nepeta: * Nettle: * Nicotiana glauca: * Nigella damascena: * Nigella sativa: * Nonochton: * Nuphar lutea: * Nutmeg: * Nymphaea: * Hungarian Oak: * Oat: * Ocimum tenuiflorum: * Oenothera: * Oenothera biennis: * Okra: * Olive: * Onion: * Ononis spinosa: * Opium: * Opium poppy: * Opuntia: * Opuntia ficus-indica: * Oregano: * Ornithogalum umbellatum: * Orthosiphon aristatus: * Osbeckia: * Osha: * Pagoda dogwood: * Panama Red: * Papaya: * Paprika: * Parapiptadenia rigida: * Parietaria officinalis: * Paris quadrifolia: * Parsley: * Parsnip: * Parthenocissus quinquefolia: * Pasque flower: * Passiflora incarnata: * Passion flower: * Pata de vaca: * Pawpaw: * Pedicularis canadensis: * Pediomelum cuspidatum: * Pediomelum hypogaeum: * Peganum: * Pelargonium graveolens: * Pelargonium sidoides: * Pennyroyal: * Peppermint: * Perilla: * Periploca graeca: * Persimmon: * Peruvian pepper: * Petiveria alliacea: * Peyote: * Pfaffia glomerata: * Phellodendron: * Phellodendron amurense: * Phyllanthus niruri: * Physalis alkekengi: * Phytolacca americana: * Phytolacca decandra: * Pilocarpus: * Sugar Pine: * Pithecellobium dulce: * Plantago: * Plantago major: * Plantago media: * Plantago ovata: * Platycladus: * Plum: * Podophyllin: * Podophyllum peltatum: * Polemonium caeruleum: * Polygonatum: * Polygonum aviculare: * Polygonum multiflorum: * Polygonum pensylvanicum: * Polyphenon: * Pomegranate: * Poppy tea: * Populus tremuloides: * Portulaca oleracea: * Primula elatior: * Primula farinosa: * Primula veris: * Prosopis: * Prosopis cineraria: * Prunella vulgaris: * Prunus africana: * Prunus spinosa: * Pseudolarix: * Pseudostellaria heterophylla: * Psilopeganum: * Psychedelic plants: * Pterodon polygalaeflorus: * Ptychopetalum: * Pyrola rotundifolia: * Pyroligneous acid: * Quassia amara: * Quillaja saponaria: * Quince: * Radish: * Ranunculus acris: * Ranunculus glacialis: * Ranunculus repens: * Rapeseed: * Rauwolfia: * Rauwolfia serpentina: * Red Osier Dogwood: * Redshank (plant): * Rehmannia: * Rehmannia glutinosa: * Rhamnus californica: * Rhamnus purshiana: * Rhaponticum carthamoides: * Rheum officinale: * Rhodiola rosea: * Rhubarb: * Rhus glabra: * Rosa canina: * Rosa centifolia: * Rosa damascena: * Rose: * Roselle (plant): * Rosemary: * Rosmarinus: * Rubus crataegifolius: * Rubus occidentalis: * Rudbeckia hirta: * Rue: * Rumex acetosella: * Sacred fig: * Safflower: * Saffron: * Salix alba: * Salix nigra: * Salix purpurea: * Salvia: * Salvia dorrii: * Salvia hispanica: * Salvia miltiorrhiza: * Salvia sclarea: * Salvia verbenaca: * Sambucus: * Sambucus canadensis: * Sambucus nigra: * Sandbox Tree: * Sanguisorba officinalis: * Sanicula europaea: * Santalum album: * Sarracenia purpurea: * Sarsaparilla: * Sassafras: * Sassafras albidum: * Saururaceae: * Saururus cernuus: * Saussurea: * Saussurea costus: * Savory (herb): * Saw palmetto extract: * Sceletium tortuosum: * Schisandra: * Schisandra chinensis: * Scrophularia nodosa: * Scutellaria: * Scutellaria barbata: * Scutellaria lateriflora: * Sea-buckthorn: * Sedum acre: * Selenicereus grandiflorus: * Semecarpus anacardium: * Senega: * Senna (genus): * Senna alexandrina: * Senna auriculata: * Senna obtusifolia: * Serenoa: * Sesame: * Shepherdia argentea: * Shilajit: * Sichuan pepper: * Silphium laciniatum: * Silver wormwood: * Silybum marianum: * Sinicuichi: * Siraitia grosvenorii: * Sium latifolium: * Soapwort: * Soft rush: * Solanum mammosum: * Solanum nigrum: * Solanum paniculatum: * Sonchus arvensis: * Sonchus oleraceus: * Sorrel: * Soursop: * Sourwood: * Spurge: * St John's wort: * Star anise: * Stellaria media: * Stemona: * Stemona tuberosa: * Stephania: * Stephania tetrandra: * Stevia: * Styphnolobium: * Styphnolobium japonicum: * Sugar-apple: * Suma root: * Sunflower: * Sutherlandia frutescens: * Swamp Milkweed: * Sweet Chestnut: * Liquidambar orientalis: * Syringa vulgaris: * Tabebuia: * Tabebuia alba: * Tabebuia impetiginosa: * Tansy: * Taraxacum officinale: * Taxus baccata: * Taxus brevifolia: * Tayuya: * Tea: * Tepezcohuite: * Tequila agave: * Terminalia (plant): * Terminalia schimperiana: * Teucrium scorodonia: * Thyme: * Tilia: * Timothy-grass: * Tinospora cordifolia: * Tithonia diversifolia: * Tomato: * Tormentil: * Toxicodendron diversilobum: * Toxicodendron radicans: * Trachelospermum jasminoides: * Traumeel S: * Tribulus terrestris: * Trichilia: * Trichopus zeylanicus: * Trichosanthes: * Trichosanthes kirilowii: * Turbinicarpus: * Turkey rhubarb: * Turmeric: * Ulmus rubra: * Uncaria tomentosa: * United Plant Savers: * Urginea maritima: * User:ChristianH158/Agriculture/Oats: * User:WriterHound/Cissampelos pareira: * User:WriterHound/Gentiana loureiroi: * User:WriterHound/Glycyrrhiza uralensis: * User:WriterHound/Phellodendron amurense: * User:WriterHound/Rauwolfia serpentina: * Valerian (herb): * Veratrum album: * Veratrum nigrum: * Veratrum viride: * Verbascum thapsus: * Verbena: * Verbena officinalis: * Veronica arvensis: * Veronica officinalis: * Vetiver: * Viburnum opulus: * Viburnum prunifolium: * Viburnum tinus: * Vicia faba: * Vietnamese coriander: * Vinca minor: * Viola (plant): * Viola odorata: * Viola tricolor: * Virola sebifera: * Viscum album: * Vitex agnus-castus: * Vitex negundo: * Vitex trifolia: * Wasabi: * Watercress: * White mustard: * Wikstroemia: * Wikstroemia indica: * Wild carrot: * Wild ginger: * Wild thyme: * Willow: * Witch-hazel: * Withania somnifera: * Wolfberry: * Wood Spurge: * Woodruff: * Yerba mate: * Ylang-ylang: * Yohimbine: * Yucca filamentosa: * Yunnan Baiyao: * Zea italica: * Zedoary:
* See also
* Herbalism * Medicinal plants of the American West: * List of culinary herbs and spices: * List of herbs and minerals in Ayurveda: * 50 fundamental herbs of Traditional Chinese medicine:
Resources: (MedTerms) - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms. (NCCAM) - The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (Wikipedia) - Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia Main article: Complementary and Alternative Medicine; Energy Therapies: (NIH) - National Institutes of Health. (MWD) - Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (IPL) - Internet Public Library: Health & Medical Sciences: (Kofutu's CAM) - Glossary of Spiritual Terms: (Scared Texts) - The Internet Sacred Text Archive:
A Huge Selection Of Herbs - Yearstoyourhealth,com We carry herbs, vitamins, minerals, bach flower essences, cosmetic supplies, empty capsules, containers, enzymedica enzymes, essential oils and homeopathic remedies. http://www.yearstoyourhealth.com/herbs/
Ancient medicine and herbal remedies - Medical recipes and medication secrets of medieval medicine, ancient cosmetics formulation. Translated ancient prescription manuscript, methods of medication. http://www.oldpreparation.com/
Aromatherapy & Essential Oils - Suppliers of superior aromatherapy essential oils, massage oils, floral waters & herbal body care products at sensible prices. http://www.oswalsyndicate.com/
Aromatherapy and Essential Oils - Excellent resources on Aromatherapy Essential Oils for your daily use and your children like Body Care/Treatment also Aromatherapy Recipes/Blends. http://www.best-in-aromatherapy.com/ 112707
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Incense Man: - Choose from a great range of incense - all your favourites for relaxation and meditation - plus incense holders & burners, fragrance oils, aromatherapy incense, tie-dyes and crystal jewellery. http://www.incense-man.co.uk/ 102807
Indian Spring Herbal Encyclopedia - A complete guide for learning about the medicinal herbs and wild foods that Mother Nature has to offer. http://www.indianspringherbs.com/
Nightingale Spiritual Healing - Nightingale Spiritual Healing: Christine Nightingale is a Reiki Master, Trained Aromatherapist, and Channels Guardian Angels." http://www.nightingalehealing.com/
Opening Doorways to Heal - Change your energy - change your life with Spiritual Response Therapy, Reiki, The Reconnection, CranioSacral Therapy, Therapeutic Grade Essential Oils & Star Flower Essences, located in Orlando, http://dianaewald.com/
Penny Price Aromatherapy Ltd - Complementary health therapy training, including aromatherapy, reflexology, Indian head massage, stone massage, and much more. We also supply organic products for the therapist. http://www.penny-price.com/ 103007
Prairie Sage Herbs, Herbalism - At Prairie Sage Herbs you can shop for bulk herbs, FAT CAT Herbal Tea blends, dream pillows, natural facials. A Master Herbalist is available for questions. http://www.prairiesageherbs.com/ 090807
Sacred Space Essentials - Self-healing with gentle forms of Vibrational Medicine such as Bach Flower Remedies and Sacred Space Essentials Flower Essences to create and maintain balance and harmony of the Body, Mind, Heart and Soul. Enhance the life you live with Flower Therapy for People, Pets & Plants. Visit our site for Products, Information, Consultations and Sacred Art. http://www.sacred-space.com.au/
Stellar Scents - We are an Australian owned aromatherapy business providing customers with a range of products to assist with general wellbeing. Products contain quality ingredients; oils are made fresh. http://www.storesonline.com/site/stellarscents/ 103107
The Unified Field Catalog of Vibrational Essences - Flower essences and vibrational remedies from around the world. Flower Essence Soaps, Drops, Mists and Creams from Australian Bush Flower Essences, Bloesem Remedies Nederland, Bach Flowers, Healing Herbs English Flower Essences, Pegasus, WiseWays Herbals and more. Related books, practitioner supplies, homeopathic cell salts. Classes, private consultations, practitioner mentoring and free consultations also available. http://www.theunifiedfield.com/ 090107
ThothWeb - The metaphysics of healing: The Art of Qi Aromatherapy, aura healing, crystal healing, flower remedies, homoeopathy, Related Links More about Religion & Spirituality News by Thoth Web. http://www.thothweb.com/