* Devanagari: Is an Abugida script. It is the main script used to write the Bengali, Hindi, Marathi, and Nepali languages. Since the 19th century, it has become the most common script used to represent Sanskrit. Other languages using Devanagari (although not always as their only or principal script) include Sindhi, Bihari, Bhili, Marwari, Konkani, Bhojpuri, Pahari (Garhwali and Kumaoni), Santhali, Newari, Tharu, and Kashmiri. It is written and read from left to right.

* According to the Ayurvedavatarana (the "descent of Ayurveda"): the origin of Ayurveda is stated to be a divine revelation of the ancient Indian creator God Lord Brahma as he awoke to recreate the universe. This knowledge was passed directly to Daksha Prajapati in the form of shloka sung by Lord Brahma. and this was in turn passed down through a successive chain of deities to Lord Indra, the protector of dharma. According to this account, the first human exponent of Ayurveda was Bharadvaja, who learned it directly from Indra. Bharadvaja in turn taught Ayurveda to a group of assembled sages, who then passed down different aspects of this knowledge to their students. According to tradition, Ayurveda was first described in text form by Agnivesha, in his book the Agnivesh tantra. The book was later redacted by Charaka, and became known as the Charaka Samhita. Another early text of Ayurveda is the Sushruta Samhita, which was compiled by Sushrut, the primary pupil of Dhanvantri, sometime around 1000 BCE.

* The Philosophy of Ayurveda: The emergence of different schools of Sanskrit philosophy like Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Sankhya, Yoga, Vedanta and Mimamsa was another landmark in the history of Indian medicine. The principles expounded in these philosophies facilitated the development within Ayurveda of its theory of humoral pathology which propounds that the human body is composed of Tridoshas, the three humors – Vata, Pitta and Kapha. When these are in equilibrium they are called the Tridhatus. The body in which these three humors are in a state of equilibrium enjoys perfect health; their disequilibrium causes ill health.

* Disease management in Ayurveda: The principles of Ayurvedic pharmacology are fundamentally different from those of other systems of medicine, especially evidence-based medicine. Most Ayurvedic medicines are prepared form herbs. Shamana and Shodhana are the two concepts of disease management in Ayurveda. Shamana means alleviation. Shamana methods mitigate the disease and its symptoms. Shodhana means elimination and Shodhana methods aim at the elimination of the basic cause of disease.

* Ayurveda operates on the precept that: Various materials of vegetable, animal, and mineral origin have some medicinal value. The medicinal properties of these materials have been documented by the practitioners and have been used for centuries to cure illness and/or help maintain good health.

* Ayurvedic Medicaments: Are made from herbs or mixtures of herbs, either alone or in combination with minerals, metals and other ingredients of animal origin. The metals, animals and minerals are purified by individual processes before being used for medicinal purposes.

* Writers and compilers of Ayurvedic literature such as: Charaka, Sushruta, Vagabhatta, Bhav Mishra, Shaligram and others have written about the qualities, characteristics and medicinal uses of the herbs, mineral, metals, chemicals, animal parts, cooked food articles, natural foods, fruits etc. Among them, the Bhav Prakash Nighantu, written by Bhav Mishra, is known for its detail .The composition of the Nighantu part (Ayurvedic Materia Medica) of the Bhav Prakash is part of the classical book. The details of the medicinal herbs are given according to the nature, effects, and curative properties as observed by the Ayurvedic practitioners.

* Ayurvedic literature has been written by several authors in languages such as: * Sanskrit, Hindi, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu and more recently, in English. The Shaligram Nighantu was written in Sanskrit. The Banaushadhi Chandrodaya was written in Hindi. The Indian Materia Medica was written in English.

* The eight branches of Ayurveda are:

1. Internal Medicine * Kayachikitsa:

2. Surgery * Shalya Tantra:

3. Ears, eyes, nose and throat * Shalakya Tantra:

4. Pediatrics * Kaumarabhritya Tantra:

5. Toxicology * Agada Tantra:

6. Purification of the genetic organs * Bajikarana (or Vajikarana) Tantra:

7. Health and Longevity * Rasayana Tantra:

8. Spiritual Healing/Psychiatry * Bhuta Vidya:

* There is a concept: That has been passing down verbally from generation to generation in India about the origin of Ayurveda. Accordingly, the ancient "Rishis" or wise men of India gathered at the foot of the Himalayas. Their objective was to innovate together the secret of leading a healthy, long life. The final product of their effort came to be known as Ayurveda or the "science of life". A statue of the Hindu God, Brahma. Hinduism believes in the divine origin of Ayurveda Dhanvantari, the God of Ayurveda Nagarjuna, a follower of Buddha, was a well known herbologist, known for inventing various new drugs for the treatment of ailments.

* Shalakyatanthra: Is a branch of Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine. Ayurveda has eight major branches. They are named as * Kayachikitsa * Balachikitsa * Grahachikitsa (Manorogachikitsa) * Salakyatanthra * Vishachikitsa (Damshtrachikitsa) * Rasayana (Jarachikitsa) * Vajeekarana.

* Salakyatanthra: Is the branch which deals with the health and disease of head and neck portions of the body. Mainly they include * Nethrachikitsa (Ophthalmology) * Karnachikitsa (otology) * Nasachikitsa (rhinology) * Mukharogachikita (oral hygiene, Dentistry and Laryngology) * Shirorogachikitsa (diseases of the cranium). Of these, Ophthalmology is the most widely practised sub-speciality. In India, especially in the the southern state of Kerala, almost all these branches are still alive and popular. There are special tretment procedures for the treatment of the organs of head and neck. They include * Nasyam * Dhoomapnam * Gandoosham * Kabalam * Shirodhara * Shirovasthi * Anjanam * Tharpanam * Pratisaranam etc.

* Ayurvedic Ophthalmology: Is seen to be highly effective in many degenerative ailments as well as infectious diseases. There are several methods advised in the classical textbooks of ayurveda regarding proper care and prophylactic measurements for eyes.

* Documented references to the precise timing of the origins of Ayurveda are not available: The age of Ayurveda has been established on the basis of correlating the evidence with other disciplines as well as circumstantial evidence. Ayurveda is said to have been first compiled as a text by Agnivesha, in his book Agnivesh tantra, which was written during Vedic times. The book was later revised by Charaka, and renamed to Charaka Samhita (encyclopedia of the physician Charaka). Other early texts of Ayurveda include the Charaka Samhita and the Sushruta Samhita. The system was orally transferred via the Gurukul system until a script came into existence. The earliest scripts would have been written on perishable materials such as Taalpatra and Bhojapatra, which could not be readily preserved. The script was later written on stone and copper sheets. Verses dealing with Ayurveda are included in the Atharvaveda, which implies that some form of Ayurveda is as old as the Vedas.

* Ayurvedic practices have also evolved over time: and some practices may be considered innovations upon earlier Vedic practices, such as the advances made during the Buddhist period in India. Hinduism attributes the genesis of Ayurveda to several theories in which the knowledge is believed to have been passed on from being to being, initially, through its realization by the divine sages, and gradually into the human sphere by a complex system of mnemonics. Details of Ayurvedic traditions vary between writers, as is expected when oral traditions are transcribed from multiple sources. The earliest authors of Ayurvedic manuscripts recorded divergent forms of the tradition.

* Hinduism: Attributes the genesis of Ayurveda to several theories in which the knowledge is believed to have been passed on from being to being, initially, through its realization by the divine sages, and gradually into the human sphere by a complex system of mnemonics. Details of Ayurvedic traditions vary between writers, as is expected when oral traditions are transcribed from multiple sources. The earliest authors of Ayurvedic manuscripts recorded divergent forms of the tradition.

* Ayurveda Massage: Is a form of treatment for various age related and other common disorders. Some of the advantages which can be cited are pain relief, improved circulation, stress relief, better sleep, flexibility, athletic performance and emotional benefits.

* Massage Therapy: Can soothe pain, relax stiff muscles, and reduce the swelling that accompanies arthritis. Advocates claim that, with ayurvedic massage, deep-seated toxins in the joints and tissues are loosened and released into the system for elimination through natural toxin-release processes. There are several different types of ayurvedic treatments such as panchakarma, marma massage and abhyangam. Ayurvedic massage is especially developed in Sri Lanka and the Indian state of Kerala.

* It is stated that Lord Krishna had a son Samb: He was suffering from leprosy. That's why Krishna called special Brahmin's of Shakdvipa (believed that present iran). They were sun worshipers and famous astronomer. They treated Samb and freed him from leprocy. Shakdvipiya Brahmin originated from those Shakdvipa origin Brahmins and also called magi Brahmin. Sakaldwipya are specialized in Ayurveda (old indian method of treatment) and astronomy, astrology and Sakaldwipiya are sun worshiper so called Saura . The most detailed account of the origin of Sakadvipiis or Bhojakas occurs in Bhavishya Purana. Further they played a great role in ayrveda. The founder of modern Ayurveda Charaka was a Maga or Sakaldwipiya

* Ayurveda & Purana: In Mahabharata it is stated that Lord Krisna had a son Samb. he was suffering from leprosy. That's why Krishna called special Brahmin's of Shakdvipa (belived that present iran). They were sun worshipers and famous astronomer. They treated Samb and freed him from leprocy.

* Shakdvipiya Brahmin: Originated from those Shakdvipa origin Brahmins and also called Magi Brahmin. Sakaldwipya are specialized in Ayurveda (old indian method of treatment) and astronomy, astrology and Sakaldwipiya are sun worshiper so called Saura. The most detailed account of the origin of Sakadvipis or Bhojakas occurs in Bhavishya Purana. Further they played a great role in Ayrveda. The founder of modern Ayurveda Charaka was a Maga or Sakaldwipiya.

* The philosophy of Ayurveda & Purana: The emergence of different schools of Sanskrit philosophy like * Nyaya * Vaisheshika * Sankhya * Yoga * Vedanta * Mimamsa. was another landmark in the history of Indian medicine. The principles expounded in these philosophies facilitated the development within Ayurveda of its theory of humoral pathology which propounds that the human body is composed of Tridoshas, the three humors: * Vata * Pitta * Kapha. When these are in equilibrium they are called the Tridhatus. The body in which these three humors are in a state of equilibrium enjoys perfect health; their disequilibrium causes ill health.

* The history of indigenous Indian medical science: Is probably as old as the Indus Valley Civilisation dating back to 3000 BC. The meticulously planned cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro are pointers not only to India’s rich cultural heritage but also to its advanced systems of hygiene and health care. The remains of deer antler and bitumen found in Harappa testify to the existence of a (Medical Science). It was between 1200 and 700 BC, that the four sacred Vedas were composed.

* Medicine: Is the science and "art" of maintaining and/or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of patients. The term is derived from the Latin ars medicina meaning the art of healing. The modern practice of medicine occurs at the many interfaces between the art of healing and various sciences. Medicine is directly connected to the health sciences and biomedicine. Broadly speaking, the term 'Medicine' today refers to the fields of clinical medicine, medical research and surgery, thereby covering the challenges of disease and injury.

* The earliest type of medicine: In most cultures was the use of empirical natural resources like plants (herbalism), animal parts and minerals. In all societies, including Western ones, there were also religious, ritual and magical resources. In aboriginal societies, there is a large scope of medical systems related to religious thinking, cultural experience, and natural resources. The religious ones more known are * Animism (the notion of inanimate objects having spirits); * Spiritualism: (here meaning an appeal to gods or communion with ancestor spirits); * Shamanism (the vesting of an individual with * Mystic Powers); and Divination (the supposed obtaining of truth by magic means). The field of medical anthropology studies the various medical systems and their interaction with society, while prehistoric medicine addresses diagnosis and treatment in prehistoric times.

* Mantra: (Devanagari): Is a religious or mystical syllabe or poem, typically from the Sanskrit language. Their use varies accoording to the school and philosophy associated with the Mantra. They are primarily used as Spiritual Conduits, words or vibrations that instill one-pointed concentration in the devotee. Other purposes have included religious ceremonies to accumlate wealth, avoid danger, or eliminate enemies. Mantras originated in the Vedic religion of India, later becoming and essential part of the Hindu tradition and a customary practice within * Buddhism * Sikhism * Jainsm. The use of Mantras is now widespread throughout various Spiritual movements which are based on, or off-shootsof, the practices in the earlier Eastern religions. Mantras are interpreted to be effective as sound (vibration), to the effect that great emghasis is put on correct pronunciation (resulting in an early development of a science of phonetics in India). They are intended to deliver the mind from illusion and material inclinations. Chanting: Is the process of repeating a Mantra.

* Khanna Links * Mantras and * Yantras to thoughtforms: Mantras, the Sanskrit syllables inscribed on Yantras, are essentially 'thought forms' representing divinities or cosmic powers, which exert their influence by means of sound-vibrations.

* Mantras were originally conceived in the great Hindu scriptures known as the Vedas: Within practically all Hindu scriptures, the writing is formed in painstakingly crafted two line "shlokas" and most mantras follow this pattern, although mantras are often found in single line or even single word form. The most basic mantra is Aum, which in Hinduism is known as the "pranava mantra," the source of all mantras. The philosophy behind this is the Hindu idea of nama-rupa (name-form), which supposes that all things, ideas or entities in existence, within the phenomenological cosmos, have name and form of some sort. The most basic name and form is the primordial vibration of Aum, as it is the first manifested nama-rupa of Brahman, the unmanifest reality/unreality. Essentially, before existence and beyond existence is only One reality, Brahman, and the first manifestation of Brahman in existence is Aum. For this reason, Aum is considered to be the most fundamental and powerful mantra, and thus is prefixed and suffixed to all Hindu prayers. While some mantras may invoke individual Gods or principles, the most fundamental mantras, like 'Aum,' the 'Shanti Mantra,' the 'Gayatri Mantra' and others all ultimately focus on the One reality.

* In the Hindu tantra the universe is sound: The supreme (para) brings forth existence through the Word (Shabda). Creation consists of vibrations at various frequencies and amplitudes giving rise to the phenomena of the world. The purest vibrations are the var.na, the imperishable letters which are revealed to us, imperfectly as the audible sounds and visible forms.

* Var.nas: Are the atoms of sound. A complex symbolic association was built up between letters and the elements, gods, signs of the zodiac, parts of the body letters became rich in these associations.

* For example in the Aitrareya-aranya-Upanishad we find: "The mute consonants represent the earth, the sibilants the sky, the vowels heaven. The mute consonants represent fire, the sibilants air, the vowels the sun? The mute consonants represent the eye, the sibilants the ear, the vowels the mind" In effect each letter became a mantra and the language of the Vedas, Sanskrit, corresponds profoundly to the nature of things. Thus the Vedas come to represent reality itself. The seed syllable Aum represents the underlying unity of reality, which is Brahman.

* Mantra Japa: Was a concept of the Vedic sages that incorporates mantras as one of the main forms of puja, or worship, whose ultimate end is seen as moksha/liberation. Essentially, Mantra Japa means repetition of mantra, and it has become an established practice of all Hindu streams, from the various Yoga to Tantra. It involves repetition of a mantra over and over again, usually in cycles of auspicious numbers (in multiples of three), the most popular being 108. For this reason, Hindu malas (bead necklaces) developed, containing 108 beads and a head bead (sometimes referred to as the 'meru', or 'guru' bead). The devotee performing japa using his/her fingers counts each bead as he/she repeats the chosen mantra. Having reached 108 repetitions, if he/she wishes to continue another cycle of mantras, the devotee must turn the mala around without crossing the head bead and repeat. It is said that through japa the devotee attains one-pointedness, or extreme focus, on the chosen deity or principal idea of the mantra. The vibrations and sounds of the mantra are considered extremely important, and thus reverberations of the sound are supposed to awaken the Kundalini or spiritual life force and even stimulate chakras according to many Hindu schools of thought. Any shloka from holy Hindu texts like the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Yoga Sutra, even the Mahabharata , Ramayana, Durga saptashati or Chandi are considered powerful enough to be repeated to great effect, and have therefore the status of a mantra. Some very common mantras are formed by taking a deity's name, called Nama japa, and saluting it in such a manner: Aum Namah or Aum Jai (Hail!) or several such permutations. Examples are:

* In the context of the Vedas: The term "Mantra" refers to the entire portion which contains the texts called * Rig * Yajus or * Saman, that is, the metrical part as opposed to the prose Brahmana commentary. With the transition from ritualistic Vedic religion to mystical and egalitarian Hindu schools of * Yoga * Vedanta * Tantra and * Bhakti. The orthodox attitude of the elite nature of Mantra knowledge gave way to spiritual interpretations of Mantras as a translation of the human will or desire into a form of action, with some features in common with spells in general. For the authors of the Hindu scriptures of the * Upanishads, the syllable * Aum, itself constituting a Mantra, represents Brahman, the godhead, as well as the whole of creation. Kukai suggests that all sounds are the voice of the Dharmakaya Buddha i.e. as in Hindu Upanishadic and Yogic thought, these sounds are manifestations of ultimate reality, in the sense of sound symbolism postulating that the vocal sounds of the Mantra have inherent meaning independent of the understanding of the person uttering them. Nevertheless, such understanding of what a mantra may symbolise or how it may function differs throughout the various traditions and also depends on the context in which it is written or sounded. In some instances there are multiple layers of symbolism associated with each sound, many of which are specific to particular schools of thought. For an example of such see the syllable: * Aum which is central to both Hindu and Buddhist traditions.

* While Hindu tantra: Eventually came to see the letters as well as the sounds as representatives of the divine, it was when Buddhism travelled to China that a major shift in emphasis towards writing came about. China lacked a unifying, ecclesiastic language like Sanskrit, and achieved its cultural unity by having a written language that was flexible in pronunciation but more precise in terms of the concepts that each character represented. The Chinese prized written language much more highly than did the Indian Buddhist missionaries, and the writing of mantras became a spiritual practice in its own right. So that whereas Brahmins had been very strict on correct pronunciation, the Chinese, and indeed other Far-Eastern Buddhists were less concerned with this than correctly writing something down. The practice of writing mantras, and copying texts as a spiritual practice, became very refined in Japan, and the writing in the Siddham script in which the Sanskrit of many Buddhist Sutras were written is only really seen in Japan nowadays. However, written mantra-repetition in Hindu practices, with Sanskrit in any number of scripts, is well-known to many sects in India as well.

* Ayurvedic practice was flourishing during the time of Buddha (around 520 BC):and in this period the Ayurvedic practitioners were commonly using Mercuric-sulphur combination based medicines. In this period mercury, sulphur and other metals were used in conjunction with herbs to prepare the different medications.[citation needed] An important Ayurvedic practitioner of this period was Nagarjuna, a Buddhist herbologist, famous for inventing various new drugs for the treatment of ailments. Nagarjuna was accompanied by Surananda, Nagbodhi, Yashodhana, Nityanatha, Govinda, Anantdev, Vagbhatta etc. The knowledge of Ayurveda progressed a lot during this period, including development of newer and more effective medicines, and is therefore termed as the Golden Period of Ayurveda.

* After emerging victorious at the Kalinga War, Emperor Ashoka (304 BC-232 BC): influenced by the Buddhist teachings, banned any bloodshed in his kingdom in 250 BC. Therefore many Ayurveda practitioners, who were practicing surgery along with medicine, left the surgical intervention and adopted totally new medicinal treatments. In this period, Ayurveda again evolved and flourished with the invention of new drugs, new methodology and new innovations. The practice of the accompanying surgery slowly died out during this period.

* During the regime of Chandragupta Maurya (375-415 AD): Ayurveda was part of mainstream Indian medical techniques, and continued to be so until the colonisation by the British.

* Chakrapani Dutta (DuttaSharma) wasA Vaid Brahman of Bengal who wrote books on Ayurveda such as "Chakradutta" and others. Chakrapani Dutta was the Rajavaidya of Great King Laxman Sen {some says rajVaid of King Nayapala. It is believed by some practitioners that Chakradutta is the essence of Ayurveda.

* Ayurveda has always been preserved by the people of India: As a traditional "science of life", despite increasing adoption of European medical techniques during the time of British rule. For several decades the reputation and skills of the various Ayurvedic schools declined markedly as Western medicine and Western-style hospitals were built. However, beginning in the 1970s, a gradual recognition of the value of Ayurveda returned, and today Ayurvedic hospitals and practitioners are flourishing throughout all of India. As well, the production and marketing of Ayurvedic herbal medicines has dramatically increased, as well as scientific documentation of benefits. Today, Ayurvedic medicines are available throughout the world.

* See also: The Eight Armed Ayurveda.

* Gurukul system of Ayurveda: In the earlier days of its conception, the system of Ayurvedic Medicine was orally transferred via the Gurukul system until a written script came into existence. In this system, the Guru gave a solemn address where he directed the students to a life of chastity, honesty, and vegetarianism. The student was to strive with all his being to heal the sick. He was not to betray patients for his own advantage. He was required to dress modestly and avoid alcohol or drugs. He was to be collected and self-controlled, measured in speech at all times. He was to constantly improve his knowledge and technical skill. At the patient's home, he was to be courteous and modest, directing all attention to the patient's welfare. He was not to divulge any knowledge about the patient and his family. If the patient was incurable, he was to keep this to himself if it was likely to harm the patient or others.

* The normal length of the student's training appears to have been seven years: Before graduation, the student was to pass a test. But the physician was to continue to learn through texts, direct observation (pratyaksha), and through inference (anumna). In addition, the vaidyas attended meetings where knowledge was exchanged. The practitioners also gained knowledge of unusual remedies from laypeople who were outside the huffsteter community such as hillsmen, herdsmen, and forest-dwellers.

* Tridosha System: The central concept of Ayurvedic medicine is the theory that health exists when there is a balance between three fundamental bodily humours or doshas called Vata, Pitta and Kapha.

* Vata: Is the impulse principle necessary to mobilize the function of the nervous system.

* Pitta: Is the energy principle which uses bile to direct digestion and hence metabolism into the venous system.

* Kapha: Is the body fluid principle which relates to mucous, lubrication and the carrier of nutrients into the arterial system.

* All Ayurvedic physicians believe: That these ancient ideas, based in the knowledge discovered by the Rishis and Munis, exist in harmony with physical reality. These Ayurvedic concepts allow physicians to examine the homeostasis of the whole system. People may be of a predominant dosha or constitution, but all doshas have the basic elements within them.

* Panchakarma and Ayurvedic massage See also: * Panchakarma

* Panchakarma (the five actions or modalities): Is a collection of purification techniques that Ayurveda prescribes for some diseases and for periodic cleansing. A course of Pancharkarma typically includes a short-term dietary prescription, massage, herbs, and may include purgatives, sweat baths, medicated enemas, and nasal cleansing.

* Ayurveda has two systems of treatment. One is to Pacify the aggravated Doshas by using proper natural herbs and minerals and second one is to purify the body, by "washing out" the increased Doshas from the body. For purification of the body Five different procedures have been told by the Ayurveda text. These five procedures ar e basically known as Panchakarma. This word Panchakarma, etymologically means the five procedures.

* Dosha (dosh´ah): According to the principle of constitution of the physical body in ayurveda, one of the three vital bioenergies (vata, pitta, kapha) condensed from the five elements; the doshas are responsible for the physical and emotional tendencies in the mind and body, and along with the seven dhatus (tissues) and three malas (waste products) make up the human body. The attributes of the doshas and their specific combination within each individual help determine the individual's physical and mental characteristics, while imbalance among the doshas is the cause of disease.

* But Panchakarma: The purification therapy expounded in Ayurveda is perhaps the most misunderstood of all the Ayurveda practices. Due to ignorance, it is often perceived as just another system of oil massage.Oil massage is an important treatment in Ayurveda. The Sanskrit word for oil massage is Abhyanga. While a person may perform massage on his own as part of his daily routine, trained masseurs are required to perform this therapy when it is used for disease management. As part of the treatment, medicated oil is massaged all over the body. A massage that is part of the daily routine lasts for five to fifteen minutes. But when it is performed for treating diseases it may take about 45 minutes.

* Treatment Massages can be effectively done with: two therapists working on either side of the patient who lies on a wooden bed called Droni in Sanskrit. The patient is made to lie on the bed while undergoing the treatment. Since the foot are considered sensitive, special care is to be taken for foot massages. The nerve nodal points (called Marmas in Sanskrit) on the soles of the feet are closely related to certain internal organs. The sole of the right foot is massaged with clockwise movement and the left foot with anti-clockwise strokes.

* During the treatment: the patient is made to recline in seven standard positions. This begins with the person seated in an upright position, supine or flat on the back, turning to the right side, supine again, turning to the left side, supine once again, and finally sitting as in the beginning, Sometimes the position of lying face down is also adopted. Panchakarma is a holistic rejuvenation therapy and is not just an oil massage, as it is widely believed. It is in Kerala that the rejuvenation therapy of Panchakarma grew and flourished. There are regional variations in therapy procedures and also the equipment used. Practice of this therapy should always be done under the guidance of qualified and competent physicians and trained attendants.

* Two different schools: The word Panchakarma means five actions. According to one school of thought, Panchakarma refers to * Nasya (nasal therapy) * Vamana (emesis) * Virechana (purging) and two kinds of * Vasti (therapeutic enema) * Nirooha Vasti and * Sneha Vasti. Herbal decoctions are used for * Nirooha Vasti and herbal oils for * Sneha Vasti. The other school, that regards * Rakta (blood) also as a * Dosha (humour), the vitiation of which can cause diseases * advocated Raktamokshana (bloodletting) as the fifth in the Panchakarma therapies. So the five therapies are * Nasya * Vamana * Virechana * Vasti and * Raktamokshana. As bloodletting involves * Medical Venesection, it is no longer popular. Leeching, however, is still practised.

* Panchakarma and Rejuventaion: According to one school of thought, Panchakarma refers to Nasya (nasal therapy), Vamana (emesis), Virechana (purging) and two kinds of Vasti (therapeutic enema), Nirooha Vasti and Sneha Vasti. Herbal decoctions are used for Nirooha Vasti and herbal oils for Sneha Vasti.

* The three stages of Panchakarma Therapy: Panchakarma is always performed in three stages * Purva Karma (pre-treatment)* Pradhana Karma (primary treatment) and * Paschat Karma (post-treatment). The patient who opts for any one of the five therapies has invariably to undergo all the three stages.

* Snehana: (oleation / oil therapy) and * Swedana (sudation): Are the two Purva Karma procedures. Snehana (internal and external oleation) loosens the Amam stuck in various sites of the body and Swedana dilates the channels to facilitate its movement towards the Koshta (alimentary canal). The Amam that reaches the Koshta is eliminated during the Pradhana Karma (primary treatment). Diet regimens, restricted bodily exertion and the intake of health-promoting drugs come under the Paschat Karma (post-treatment). Snehana Is administering Sneha or Snigdha dravyas in the form of taila or gritha to the body. The sneha should be acc to the disease with drugs. If sneha is given in a pure form without adding drugs its called Achcha sneha, considered the most effective. Snehana is given in early morning for a maximum of 7 days only. Snehana helps by bringing the Doshas or toxins to move into alimentary tract from extremities for the easy evacuation (vilayana and uthkleshana of doshas). If snehana is not given before panchakarma, body bends like a thin dry stick by the effect of 5 Karmas.

* The definition of Panchakarma: The Ayurvedic rejuvenation regimen practised today is called Panchakarma * Pancha means ‘five’ and Karma, ‘action’. This five-fold therapy is aimed at * Shodhana, the eradication of the basic cause of disease. Shodhana along with Shamana, the mitigation of the disease and its symptoms, are the two concepts of disease management in Ayurveda. Panchakarma does not just eliminate disease-causing toxins but also revitalizes the tissues. This is why it is called the rejuvenation therapy. The process of Panchakarma consists of 3 stages.

* Panchakarma: Is always performed in three stages: * Purva Karma: (pre-treatment) * Pradhana Karma: (primary treatment) and * Paschat Karma: (post-treatment). The patient who opts for any one of the five therapies has invariably to undergo all the three stages. Snehana (oleation / oil therapy) and Swedana (sudation) are the two Purva Karma procedures. Snehana (internal and external oleation) loosens the Amam stuck in various sites of the body and Swedana dilates the channels to facilitate its movement towards the Koshta (alimentary canal). The Amam that reaches the Koshta is eliminated during the Pradhana Karma (primary treatment). Diet regimens, restricted bodily exertion and the intake of health-promoting drugs come under the Paschat Karma (post-treatment).

* In the early 20th century: Ayurvedic physicians began to organize into professional associations and to promote their case for national recognition and funding.[citation needed] This began to become a reality after Indian independence in 1947. Ayurveda is now a statutory, recognised medical system of health care like other medical systems existing in India. The Central Council of Indian Medicine {CCIM} governs and recommends policies for the research and development of the system. An Encyclopedia on Ayurveda - Ayushveda.com has been developed to promote the knowledge of Ayurveda worldwide. In India, practitioners in Ayurveda undergo 5 and 1/2 years of training including 1 year of internship in select Ayurveda Medical Schools wherein they earn the professional doctorate degree of Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery[B.A.M.S.]. A Bachelor's degree with a major in Science [Physics, Chemistry, Biology] and a minor in Sanskrit is desirable for candidates interested in taking up the course. Select institutions like the Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, offer higher doctorates and postgraduate training such as MD [Ayurveda] which includes a 3 year residency and a dissertation similar to the MD/MS degrees in modern systems of medicine.

* Panchakarma: The word Panchakarma means five actions: Panchakarma is a Holistic Rejuvenation Therapy: and is not just an oil massage, as it is widely believed. It is in Kerala that the rejuvenation therapy of Panchakarma grew and flourished. There are regional variations in therapy procedures and also the equipment used. Practice of this therapy should always be done under the guidance of qualified and competent physicians and trained attendants.

* Two different schools: Panchakarma and Ayurvedic Massage: See Message Therpy: Is a collection of purification techniques that Ayurveda prescribes for some diseases and for periodic cleansing. A course of Pancharkarma typically includes a short-term dietary prescription, massage, herbs, and may include purgatives, sweat baths, medicated enemas, and nasal cleansing. In the early 20th century, Ayurvedic physicians began to organize into professional associations and to promote their case for national recognition and funding. This began to become a reality after Indian independence in 1947.

* Ayurveda is now a statutory: Recognised medical system of health care like other medical systems existing in India. The Central Council of Indian Medicine {CCIM} governs and recommends policies for the research and development of the system. An Encyclopedia on Ayurveda Ayushveda.com has been developed to promote the knowledge of Ayurveda worldwide. In India, practitioners in Ayurveda undergo 5 and 1/2 years of training including 1 year of internship in select Ayurveda Medical Schools wherein they earn the professional doctorate degree of Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery [B.A.M.S.]. A Bachelor's degree with a major in Science [Physics, Chemistry, Biology] and a minor in Sanskrit is desirable for candidates interested in taking up the course. Select institutions like the Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, offer higher doctorates and postgraduate training such as MD [Ayurveda] which includes a 3 year residency and a dissertation similar to the MD/MS degrees in modern systems of medicine.

* The other school: That regards Rakta (blood) also as a Dosha (humour), the vitiation of which can cause diseases, advocated Raktamokshana (bloodletting) as the fifth in the Panchakarma therapies. So the five therapies are Nasya, Vamana, Virechana, Vasti and Raktamokshana. As bloodletting involves medical venesection, it is no longer popular. Leeching, however, is still practised.

* Sushrut: Is known as the Father of Surgery, and in the Sushrut Samhita, the teachings and surgical techniques of Dhanvantri are compiled and complemented with additional findings and observations of Sushrut regarding topics ranging from obstetrics and orthopedics to ophthalmology. Sushrut Samhita together with Charaka Samhita, served as the textual material within the ancient Universities of Takshashila and Nalanda. These texts are believed to have been written around the beginning of the Common Era, and are based on a holistic approach rooted in the philosophy of the Vedas and Vedic culture.

* The Sub articles for this category of Ayurveda:

* Ayurveda: * Agada: * Agni (Ayurveda): * Agnivesh tantra: * Ama (ayurveda): * Aqua Ptychotis: * Asht?nga Hridayam: * Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery: * Bhasma: * Black salt: * Brhat Trayi: * Brihaspati Dev Triguna: * Todd Caldecott: * Centella asiatica: * Charaka Samhita: * Chyawanprash: * Dhanvantari: * Jean Filliozat: * Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Tradition: * David Frawley: * Glossary of terms in Ayurveda: * Kashyap Samhita: * List of herbs and minerals in Ayurveda: * Madhav: * Mahabhringaraj: * Maharishi Vedic Medicine: * Malladihalli Sri Raghavendra Swamiji: * Medohar: * Mimosa pudica: * Myrrh: * Nasal irrigation: * Netipot: * Ojas: * Panchakarma: * Panchgavya: * Pulse diagnosis: * Rasa Shastra: * Rasayana: * Research and innovations in Ayurveda: * Sakaldwipiya History: * Samskara (Ayurvedic): * Sarpagandha: * Shalakya tantra: * Samudrika Shastra: * Shilajit: * Shirodhara: * Siddha: * Sri Lankan Ayurvedic tradition: * Sushruta: * Sushruta Samhita: * Robert Svoboda: * Template:Sakaldwipiya: * Triphala: * Vagbhata (Ayurveda):

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